
To Aml^^t 
(SL Beyond 



SKETCHES OF LOCAL HISTORY. 

BY 
ALICE M. WALKER 



1> Amherst Girl of ye Olden Tyjue. 

'• By a simple assemblage of facts, the author has contrived to introduce her 
readers to the people, the customs, the occupations and the recreations which 
made up the life of Amherst during the last century."—//. H. Ncill, Professor of 
English Literature, Amherst College. 

Early Days i/i the Connecticut Valley. 

" Mrs. Walker has gathered from many sources, facts, and put them together 
in a most interesting narrative, told in a style unusually picturesque."— 7"//^ 
Natio)i. 

The Story of a Nen:i England Country Church. 

" It relates the unique history of the meeting house and the religious society 
of North Amherst." 

" Mrs. Walker not only instructs but she interests and enlivens. She writes 
in a graceful style and is at the same time a keen humorist.''— i?^/7f7« A. Grosvc- 
nor, Professor of Modern Government and International Law, Amherst College. 

Mary Mattoon and Her Hero of the Eei'olufion. 

" The story as told within these covers gives us a fresli and unhackneyed pic- 
ture not only of the childhood and early girlhood of our heroine but of the sturdy 
little boy, laying from year to year the foundations of that strength and master- 
fulness of character which afterwards carried him so triumphantly through the 
days that tried men's souls."— J/ci/W Looiiiis Todd, President of the Amherst 
Historical Society. 

Through Tirhey I\iss to Amherst and Beyond. 

Tills booklet describes Amherst and bits of neighboring towns as seen by the 
tourist who rides on the trolley car from Mount Norwottuck to Sugar Loaf, and 
from Amherst College to Pelham heights. Oldtime associations are recalled by 
reference to the history of homesteads and scenes along the way. 



These booklets are illustrated, containing reproductions of old portraits and 
pictures of Amherst as it appears to-day. The first four have cover designs 
drawn by Miss Martha Genung. All are interesting sketches of local history 
and suitable for souvenirs and holiday gifts. 

The price of Mary Mattoon and Her Hero of tJic Revolution is fifty cents ; 
the price of each of the others is twenty-five cents. Sent anywhere on receipt of 
price. Mrs. C. S. Walker, 21 Main Street, Amherst, Mass. 



TKrough TurKey Pass 



TO 



AmKerst and Beyond 



BY 



ALICE M. WALKER 



-^ 



AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS 
1903 



THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received 

APR 20 1903 

Coeynght Entry 

CLASS C</ XXc. No. 

COPY B. 



Copyright 1903 
By Alice M. Walker 



« • » • • • 



k f V^l "^ 



THROUGH TURKEY PASS TO AMHERST 
AND BEYOND. 



" Thou lovely vale of sweetest stream that flows : 
Winding- and willow fringed Connecticut : 
Swift to thy fairest scenes my fancy flies." 

***** 

" Back to thy peaceful villages and fields 
My memory, like a weary pilgrim, comes 
With scrip and burdon to repose awhile." 

Thus sang J. G. Holland of his native valley. To his youth- 
ful poetic vision the Holyoke mountains, as seen from old 
Northampton, were a mystery and an inspiration. Shadows 
of fleecy clouds chased each other up and down the green 
slopes of Norwottuck. Along the rocky summit of Bare 
Mountain summer storms gathered, and from this stronghold 
marched across the valley. Sturdy evergreens with roots run- 
ning deep into the scanty soil between the cliffs and boulders 
diversified the snowy winter landscape. This ever-changing 
mountain wall, rising against the southern sky, was a perpetual 
challenge to the youth who afterward climbed those heights, and 
left for us a vivid word-painting of the scene which he beheld. 



Thro2igh Turkey Pass 

" I saw below me, like a jewelled cup, 

The valley hollowed to its heaven-kissed lip." 

***** 

'• Across the meadows, carpet for the gods, 
Northampton rose, half hidden in her trees, 
Lifted above the level of the fields, 
And noiseless as a picture."' 

" Eastward, upon another fertile stretch 
Of meadow, sward and tilth, embowered in elms. 
Lay the twin streets and sprang the single spire 
Of Hadley, where the hunted regicides 
Securely lived of old and strangely died : 
And eastward still, upon the last green step 
From which the Angel of the Morning Light 
Leaps to the meadow lands, fair Amherst sat, 
Capped by her many windowed colleges : 
While from his outpost in the rising north. 
Bald with the winds and ruddy with the suns 
Of the long eons, stood old Sugar Loaf, 
Gazing with changeless brow upon a scene 
Changing to fairer beauty evermore." 



XvirKey Pass. 

The early settlers of Hadley were prosaic people. To them 
those southern mountains represented difficulty and danger, an 
obstacle to be overcome, a wall separating them from the out- 
side world. Among the tangled woods and rocky passes 
lurked bears and wildcats. From out those lofty hiding-places 
came the stealthy Indian foe, and back among the rocky 
shades he fled when his bloody work was done. A century 
later the people who lived to the east of Hadley bade a sor- 



To Amherst and Beyond 



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ELM TREE AND HOMESTEAD OF THOMAS J. THURSTON 

rowful farewell to their venturesome sons and daughters, who, 
attracted by tales of the rich lands and fisheries at the " Great 
Falls " of the Connecticut River, moved families and goods to 
that distant region. When the hostile Indian and beast of prey 
had disappeared, the Holyoke mountains were to the mind of 
the Amherst farmer a never failing woodlot, a game preserve 
whence he could procure fresh meat, and a pasture for his cattle. 
The first travelled path through the forest from Amherst to 



6 Thro7igh Turkey Pass 

South Hadley was a steep and crooked trail, leading around 
great boulders and over rocky ledges and he who would take 
the journey was obliged to trudge on foot. Deer fled into the 
woods on either hand. Rabbits darted like shadows across 
the path and sometimes a rattlesnake beside the way sounded 
an alarm. Bolder than all these, at echo of footsteps, flocks of 
wild turkeys gobbled and fled. The traveler seldom failed to 
fire at these presumptuous birds with his old-fashioned musket, 
and assured himself of a welcome by presenting his hostess at 
South Hadley Falls with the material for a sumptuous dinner. 
These early settlers were successful hunters, and the moun- 
tains around this valley afforded them opportunity to procure 
the game so necessary to comfort. Deer furnished food and 
clothing, the skins being made into breeches, jackets and 
moccasins, and as a result the animals became exceedingly 
scarce after 1780 in spite of a law passed for their protection, 
enforced by the "Informers of Deer" who were appointed to 
arrest offenders. The wild turkeys, however, increased and 
multiplied, and housewives from their great brick ovens some- 
times served birds weighing almost sixty pounds. One flock 
remained in 1842, a few turkeys in 1845, ^^'^^ ^^^ gobbler in 
1851. Not many years ago the initials of the oldtime turkey 
hunters might have been seen cut on the trees along the way 
near the places where their famous shots were made, and tales 
of their skill are handed down to their descendants. Hunters 
and game have passed away, but we who spin through " Turkey 
Pass " on the Amherst and Sunderland trolley cars, in imagi- 
nation spy amid the mountain shadows the barrel of an ancient 
musket, and hear the shrill notes of that last old turkey- 
gobbler as his ghost flies despairing from its native haunts. 



8 Through Turkey Pass 

The old Indian trail, made passable for horses, was after- 
ward widened into a wagon road, over which plodded travelers 
on business or pleasure, farmers with loads of produce bound 
for Springfield, and later, on visitors' days, the favored college 
students who were allowed to call on their " cousins " within 
the sacred precincts of " Mount Holyoke Female Seminary." 
Mr, Oren Williams, just passed his ninetieth birthday, remem- 
bers working on that old road before it was abandoned for the 
present highway. But all old-fashioned means of transporta- 
tion proved too slow for the Amherst farmers of the present 
day, and the enterprising citizens of the town built an electric 
railroad. " From his outpost in the rising North " old Sugar 
Loaf looked down and saw the trolley car deposit its crowds of 
passengers within the limits of his shadow and almost at his 
feet. Not content with opening to the people of Sunderland a 
direct line of communication with Amherst and Northampton, 
the railroad company sent gangs of workmen along the old 
Indian trail, who laid the rails and stretched the wire. On 
July 12, 1902, two cars decked with flags and filled with officers 
of the company and their friends ran through the Notch 
to South Hadley. By means of the Amherst and Sunderland 
electric railroad the Holyoke mountains, once a wall of sepa- 
ration, have become a medium of communication between two 
colleges, and a bond of union between two neighboring towns. 
Rumors of the wild and unique scenery along this new route 
have gone abroad, and during the first season loaded cars 
brought visitors from New York, New Haven and other dis- 
tant cities. " Fair x\mherst, with her many windowed col- 
leges " is to-day not only an educational center, but also a 



To Amherst and Beyond g 

place of arrival from all parts of the state, and of departure to 
the four points of the compass. 

The section of territory opened by the Amherst and Sunder- 
land trolley line is rich in historic incident and association. 
The traveler who would visit this locality under most favorable 
circumstances will leave the city hall in Holyoke on a clear day 
in early summer, or when the mountains are glowing in the 
garb of late October. We pass Mount Holyoke college in 
South Hadley. The scene changes from fertile meadows to 
rocky pasture land and before us, seeming impassable, lie the 
Holyoke mountains. No cog-wheel road is needed here, for 
the Indian who trod this winding way selected the lowest pas- 
sage between two mountain peaks over which to make the 
journey, and the white man has followed in his track. The 
rails are laid upon a firm foundation. The car moves up a 
gentle grade, made easy of ascent by filling in with the abund- 
ant supply of rocks flung by gigantic hands from heights 
above. The mountains close about us and we have reached 
the Notch of the present day, in olden time the " Round Hill 
Crack" or "Turkey Pass." 

These mountains are precipitous and of volcanic origin, hav- 
ing been forced up through the surrounding strata. To the 
botanist and geologist they are of especial interest. The flora 
is varied and furnishes innumerable specimens for collections 
made by students of the neighboring schools and colleges. 
Wild beasts no longer affright the ramblers through the woods,, 
but foxes and squirrels and rabbits are there, and birds may be 
seen in great variety. Trout streams tempt the angler, and the 
bee-hunter and the entomologist find pleasure and profit in 
their researches among the peaks and foothills. 



To A inkers t and Beyond 1 1 

A tract of land near the Notch will soon be cleared for pic- 
nic grounds. In the Notch itself the traveler from Holyoke 
sees to the west a famous talus slope known as the " Devil's 
Garden," where for ages the rocks have fallen and split in 
pieces. Thousands of tons of shingle stones suitable for the 
construction of macadam roadbeds are now made available, 
and will no doubt be used for the improvement of adjacent 
highways. In early days rattlesnakes came out to sun them- 
selves upon these solitary ledges, but none have been seen 
here for many years, and the mountain climber need not fear to 
venture on the footpath which leads over the rocks beyond to 
the top of Bare Mountain which overlooks the pass from the 
west. No house is on the summit and no fee will be required, 
but the extended view which meets the eye will well repay the 
slight exertion. 

Movint Nor\vott\acK. 

Another peak, the highest in the Holyoke range, rises just 
beyond Round Hill east of the pass. This is Norwottuck, 
named from the old Indian tribe that owned the land 
before the white man came. From its sunmiit may be seen 
the whole of the beautiful Connecticut valley. Far to the 
north rise the Green Mountains of Vermont, and black against 
the sky lies Monadnockin New Hampshire, while nearer looms 
Mount Toby, like a gigantic sleeping elephant. Beyond the 
eastern hills Wachusett may be seen. A distant western peak, 
the highest in our state, recalls the Indian chief, old Gray 
Lock, who from its summit watched the signal smokes of his 



12 Through Turkey Pass 

followers encamped in the valley below. Behind the Pelham 
hills lies Mount Lincoln, a green embankment from whose 
heights the patriots' bonfires blazed in Revolutionary days. 
Farther south with its tall spire against a cloud, like a toy 
building set upon the edge of the horizon, stands the white 
meeting-house in Prescott. From north to south the glistening 
river takes its tortuous way. Hadley and Amherst, Belcher- 
town and Granby, seem at our very feet. Holyoke with its 
thriving industries and Springfield with its armory, fix our 
attention, and many prosperous towns and country villages in 
this fair valley lie misty in the distance. 

How different the scene from that beheld by savage King 
Philip seated in his chair of old red sandstone on Mount Sugar 
Loaf! From his exalted position the Indian chief gazed upon 
dense forests, broken only by clearings about the struggling 
river settlements. Tradition tells us that as he gazed he con- 
sidered plans by which the pale intruders were to be wiped out 
of existence and the valley restored to its primitive possessors. 
After the dark days of Indian conflict and massacre had passed, 
the scene from the top of Norwottuck showed Hadley as a 
little group of houses in the bend of the river, and across the 
stream was Northampton, another small cluster of buildings. 
Below the Great Falls to the south a faint cloud of smoke on 
the horizon marked the location of Springfield. The few 
houses in Deerfield and Northfield were hidden in the great 
northern woods, which extended, an unbroken wilderness, to 
Canada. 

In 1760 Paul Coffin, a famous traveler, climbed Norwottuck 
and described the landscape as a " Beautiful garden." Timothy 



14 Through Turkey Pass 

Dwight made several trips to the top of the range and recorded 
his impressions in enthusiastic language. President Edward 
Hitchcock at the head of a party of students July 4, 1845, cut 
a road up Mount Holyoke and dined with Mary Lyon and her 
girls upon its summit. Professor Shepard upon that occasion 
made the following prophecy : 

" Henceforth with showers of blessings on your heads will 
ascend to this most commanding eyrie of the Connecticut val- 
ley the tired traveler, the wan invalid, prattling childhood and 
even hoary age : while maiden beauty, no more toiling over 
uncertain footpaths, and up steep declivities, will with flowing 
robe and plumed hat be attended hither by gallant knight on 
prancing steed." 

The next year the class of 1846 cut in the same manner a 
road up Mount Norwottuck. The dwellers in South Amherst 
built a platform on the summit and five hundred students from 
both " literary institutions " joined with people of the town in a 
fourth of July picnic on the mountain top. Salutes were fired 
and President Hitchcock in his address offered the following 
sentiment : 

•' Mount Norwottuck : hitherto it has been a wall of separation 
between two literary institutions. To-day it is a point of union. 
May it ever be an object of deep interest to both." 

Rev. George E. Fisher of North Amherst, a member of the 
class of 1846, well remembers this unique celebration in which 
he was an active participant. At this time a steam railroad 
had invaded the valley. Concerning the new road the Havip- 
s/iire and Franklin Express, the Amherst weekly paper, said : 

" And may we not fancy that even these mountains as they 
look down upon the outspreading vales, and feel the iron 



To Amherst and Beyond i^ 

shackles binding together their feet, and behold the rushing 
engine of art casting forth tire and smoke, safely conducting 
along said road most tasteful carriages filled with human 
beings, will at such scenes smile in their elevated grandeur ? '' 

This trembling hope has become a reality. The progress of 
modern science has made the " lire and smoke " and the " rush- 
ing engine of art" no longer a necessity in order to enjoy 
quick transportation. The mountains " in their elevated gran- 
deur" have allowed a trolley road to penetrate their solitudes. 
Who can doubt but that they really smile at the passage of the 
" tasteful carriages " by means of which Norwottuck has 
become a "point of union.'' The wish of President Hitchcock 
is to-day completely fulfilled. 

TKe Bay IVoad. 

It is not necessary, however, to climb the mountain in order 
to admire the northern prospect, for this is seen from the car 
just before passing the brow of the hill. The road is perfectly 
ballasted, and the descent toward Amherst is smooth and grad- 
ual. Reaching level around, we cross the old Bay Road, once 
the stage route to Boston, a historic highway, whose narrow 
winding course is thronged with shadows of the past. 

The Bay Road in the olden time was the channel through 
which laws were communicated, and by means of which news 
was received from distant friends. That stony highway, 
crossed in its length by a hundred streams, was a bond radiat- 
ing with love and hope and memory. Here and there a hospi- 
table tavern opened its doors to travelers and hunters, who 
drank their flip and smoked their pipes before its fire. 



To Amherst and Beyond r^ 

Bartlett's tavern, burned many years ago, was on the Bay 
Road in South Amherst, and Jonathan Bridgman kept an 
" ordinary " in the old homestead now occupied by his descend- 
ant, Mrs. Louisa Porter. We can imagine how the tavern- 
keeper's little lad listened with open mouth to tales of strange 
adventures, and then crept trembling to bed, to shiver beneath 
the bedclothes at the long drawn howl of the hungry wolf on 
the mountain side, and to dream of wildcats ready to leap from 
overhanging boughs on him who passed beneath their shadow. 
The dwellers in these taverns lived in troubled times. Dur- 
ing the French and Indian wars their homes were on a military 
highway. Captain Reuben Dickinson at the head of a com- 
pany of Amherst volunteers hastened along the Bay Road to 
Boston, summoned by the gun fired at Lexington. Burgoyne's 
troops, after the surrender, were escorted over this same road^ 
stopping to fill their canteens at a place where three little 
mountain brooks came together. Cannon for Commodore 
Perry's fleet rumbled along by the Bridgman tavern, and heavy 
carts loaded with merchandise passed to and from the Bay. 
As settlements on the river multiplied the Bay Path became a 
great thoroughfare. Droves of cattle and of pigs and flocks of 
sheep raised clouds of dust along the way. Later came stage- 
coaches, driven at furious rate night and da}'. The " Fast 
Mail Coach " left Boston at five o'clock in the morning and 
reached Bartlett's tavern at three in the afternoon, always stop- 
ping to water the horses at the watering place which has been 
in use for more than a hundred years. The old Bay Path is 
to-day almost deserted, a narrow, crooked, grass-grown high- 
way. Its traditions are unknown to the present generation and 



1 8 Thro7(ok Turkey Pass 

its history will soon be forgotten. About its mossy banks and 
timeworn pebbles lingers still the romance of the olden time 
and its heroic deeds. Those who choose to walk along this 
road a short distance eastward will be rewarded with an 
extended view of northern mountain scenery unsurpassed in 
western Massachusetts. 

SovitK AinKerst. 

The West Street of South Amherst, along which the trolley 
road passes, is bordered by a succession of fertile farms, 
abodes of thrift, intelligence and enterprise. The first home- 
stead on the left has been the lifelong residence of its ow^ier, 
Emery T. Darling, and was the home of his father and grand- 
father. Parts of the house were built more, than a hundred 
years ago. Upon the right we see one of the oldest houses in 
the neighborhood, the home of Walter Hayward. The project- 
ing upper story of this building proves it to belong to one of 
the most antique types of architecture in New England. 
Amherst has long been noted for its handsome elms, but none 
more stately and beautiful can be seen in the valley than the 
magnificent tree in front of the homestead of Thomas J. Thurs- 
ton, recently sold to Charles Stiles. Here in order to 
avoid destroying this ancient landmark, the surveyor located 
the electric road between the tree and the house, thus saving 
to the owner one of the chief ornaments of his estate. This 
farm was the birthplace of Mr. Thurston's paternal grand- 
mother. The tree which was planted by a member of the 
family in the early part of the last century has grown to be fif- 
teen feet in circumference with branches spreading a hundred 



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20 Through Turkey Pass 

feet. From beneath this tree by day we can see the trolley 
track along its crooked course far up the mountain side and at 
night we spy the gleaming eye of the car as it emerges from 
the rocky cut, and may watch it as like an erratic firefly it 
appears and disappears among the trees, and finally rushes 
past before we know that it is upon us. From the Thurston 
farm across an expanse of fertile meadows lies the village of 
South Amherst, the spire of its church rising white against the 
Mount Lincoln foothills. This section of the town has been 
the home of many distinguished men and women. John C. 
Hammond of Northampton, and the Bridgman family, well 
known as writers, teachers and journalists, were born in South 
Amherst and received their early education in its schools. 
The first public library in town was kept at Deacon David 
Moody's, and the first anti-slavery society was organized in the 
schoolhouse on the Green. From South Amherst have come 
selectmen, representatives, and county commissioners. The 
names Merrick, Dickinson, Bridgman, Dana, Johnson, and 
Read are prominent among those who organized and have sup- 
ported the Congregational church. At the south end of the 
town lives Mrs. Henry Bishop, Amherst's one real Daughter of 
the American Revolution. Several of the old houses on West 
Street have passed into the hands of strangers. The large and 
fertile farms of James E. and Allen P. Merrick, who not many 
years ago were influential citizens and filled many public 
offices, have descended to their sons, who occupy the old 
homesteads. But few other representatives of the early settlers 
remain. 

The trollev line, skirting the hill, crosses " Fort River," 



22 Through Turkey Pass 

which rises in Pelham, and flows into the Connecticut at Hock- 
aniim, near the site of the old Indian fort. At Mill Valley the 
car passes in sight of the Clark house and the Gaylord house, 
both of which were built in 1782. These afford good types of 
the gambrel-roofed dwellings much in favor with an earlier 
generation. Near this point Shays Street, named for the 
famous leader of the rebellion, joins South Pleasant Street. 
For some distance the trolley follows the road over which the 
insurgents, in the winter of 1787, fled in hot haste on their way 
to Pelham, pursued by General Lincoln and his army. The 
spacious golf hnks of the Amherst Country Club are located 
on Mount Doma to the left, south of the tracks of the Boston 
and Maine railroad, and the Club-house may be seen far back 
among the trees. The Country Club, though recently organ- 
ized, has a large number of members, and is very popular with 
townspeople and students. Near the Boston and Maine sta- 
tion in the broad highway, the annual muster and training of 
the militia, commanded by General Mattoon and other famous 
officers, was held in olden time. 

AmKerst College. 

From this point we see, crowning the hill, a group of brick 
buildings, recalling the early days of Amherst College, as 
described in Ye Amherst Girl of Ye Olden Tyme. 

" When the first idea of Amherst College entered the minds 
of men who saw far into the future history of the town, and 
were anxious for its welfare, the fund then started was called 
the ' charity fund, five-sixths of the interest of which shall be 
appropriated to the education of indigent, pious young men for 
the ministry.' 



To A inkers t and Beyond 



23 




BOLTWOOD TAVERN 'S\G^-From History of Amherst 



" Our Amherst girl was grown and married, when plodding 
along the road leading to the village, a strange procession 
might have been seen. Ox-teams laden with building material 
of all kinds, with lime and sand and lumber, driven by farmers 
from the ends of the town, from Leverett and Shutesbury and 
Belchertown, hastened to college hill and deposited their bur- 
dens among the trees. Pelham contributed great blocks of 
stone, a firm foundation upon which to build, and all was a 
gift, without money and without price. The farmers turned 
out in force and camped in tents upon the hill, and labored 



24 



ThroiigJi T^irkey Pass 




OLD STRONXt house— /^;w/^ Historv of Aiiihcrsf 



like the Jews building their temple. They plowed and scraped 
and levelled and dug the trenches for the foundations, and 
amid scenes of excitement such as the quiet town had never 
before witnessed the brick dormitor}' which to-day we call wSouth 
College rose solidly above the cornerstone of Pelham granite, 
on which it has rested securely for over eighty years. 

" All this is proudly recalled as, annually, at Commencement, 
the students sing in their Memory Hymn to Old Amherst : 




THE OLDEST STOXE l.\ WEST CEMETEKy-Fr,,,,, /J,!/orr 0/ .h/i/u-rst 



26 



Throiio/i 

<3 



Turkey Pass 




CHAPEL AND LIBRARY— Agricultural College 

' Here, in toil and stress of trial, 
Here in sturdy self-denial, 

Wrought, to found these hoary walls, 
Men whose lifelong consecration, 
Rich in sacred inspiration, 

Us to high endeavor calls. 

Ay, to largest manhood calls/" 

Amherst College of to-day under the direction of its Presi- 
dent, George Harris, D.D., LL.D., has attained to a high 
rank among institutions of its class. It does not aspire to be a 
university, nor is it a technical school. It is content to be a 
college where young men may obtain a liberal education that 
shall broaden and discipline the mind and develop those ele- 
ments of individual character which will fit the man for whatever 



To Amherst and Beyond 2^ 

profession or occupation the future may bring to him. Its cur- 
riculum has especially to do with the humanities, while science 
is not neglected. History, literature, oratory, the languages, 
philosophy, and art are taught by inspiring instructors. Among 
its corps of professors are found men of genius and of com- 
manding influence, and its alumni occupy honorable positions 
all over the world. 

Our car carries us past the white house south of the Boston 
and Maine tracks, in which Ebenezer S. Snell, one of the first 
two graduates of the college and afterward Professor of Mathe- 
matics, lived and made his meteorological observations. From 
the railroad bridge we may notice the grand-stand of Pratt 
athletic field. Observatory House, the residence of Pro- 
fessor David P. Todd, celebrated as the conductor of many 
eclipse expeditions and of Mrs. Mabel Loomis Todd, a 
well known author and lecturer, is also plainly to be seen. 
Adjoining Observatory House, the new College astronomical 
observatory will soon be built. The third house north of the 
railroad track was once the home of President Edward Hitch- 
cock, who used the octagon annex as a study and cabinet. 
Near by is the Delta Upsilon fraternity house, and a little 
further on is the house, once the home of Professor Fiske in 
which his daughter Helen was born. Many of us remember 
her amusing story entitled " The Naughtiest Day of My Life,"' 
published in a magazine, which described the adventures of 
two little girls who many years ago ran away to Hadley and 
were brought back by Professor Tyler. This naughty Amherst 
heroine afterward became the most noted writer of fiction that 
Amherst can claim by birth, and, as Helen Hunt Jackson, the 



28 



Tliroiigh Turkey Pass 




NORTH COIJ.EGE— Agricultural College 

author of " Ramona " and a " Century of Dishonor " is 
accorded a high rank among the authors of America. 

The old Nash tavern, whose ancient sign is on exhibition in 
the rooms of the Amherst Historical Societ}^, stood on the 
right hand side of the street, about half way up College hill. 
Near its site lived Edward Tuckerman, the distinguished Pro- 
fessor of Botany, who was a pioneer in the study of the flora of 
the White Mountains, and whose name is borne by one of the 
famous ravines in that region. Crowning the western brow of 
the hill, built of brick with white trimmings, is the President's 
Colonial mansion, and beside it stands the beautiful Morgan 
library. The next building is College Hall, formerly the First 
Congregational church, where in olden time townspeople and 



To Amherst and Beyond 2^ 

students worshipped together, and where now the pubHc exer- 
cises of Commencement day and week are held. On the 
eastern side of the street may be seen closely grouped on Col- 
lege hill the North and South dormitories and the old chapel 
surmounted by its clock tower which is visible for many miles 
in every direction. Near by are Appleton Cabinet, containing 
the famous " bird-tracks " discovered by President Hitchcock, 
Williston Hall in which is the Mather Art collection. Walker 
Hall, an attractive building made of light gray granite, and the 
old observatory with its dome shaped roof. The gymnasium 
and the college church are hidden among the trees and at the 
northeast corner of the grounds is the red brick chemical and 
physics laboratory. The drive which leads to the church 
affords a fine outlook over the eastern valley and Pelham 
heights. Travelers from all over the world have declared the 
extended landscape spread before him who climbs to the top 
of Amherst college tower to be unsurpassed in beauty and 
variety by any viewed in foreign lands. 

Approaching the village we pass on the left the Psi Upsilon 
house, which was built in 1822 and occupied for several years 
by the President of the College. Afterward it was the home 
of Professor Fowler and his daughter Emily, the granddaughter 
of Noah Webster and mother of Paul Leicester Ford. The cream 
brick fraternity house of Alpha Delta Phi, surrounded by its 
velvet lawn, presents an imposing appearance. 

Fair AmKerst. 

It would be pleasant to remember the famous citizens of the 
olden time whose names are connected with every foot of 



JO Through Turkey Pass 

ground over which we have passed, who walked upon these 
streets and lived and died in these old houses. Our modern 
institutions are a record of their deeds, and their memory is 
held in grateful recollection. Side by side with the car from 
Northampton the Amherst and Sunderland car rolls up to the 
common. An hour and a quarter from the time we left the 
Holyoke city hall we have arrived at the Amherst House. 
Here the genial proprietor, D. H. Kendrick, gives us a hearty 
welcome and an excellent dinner. Many travelers by trolley, 
surprised to find the comfort and elegance of the city in a 
country village, are tempted to tarry awhile with Landlord 
Kendrick and enjoy his hospitality, while seeing the town, and 
at Commencement all his available rooms are engaged far in 
advance. The table of the Amherst House is the pride of the 
management and is daily supplied with fresh fruit and vege- 
tables from the Agricultural College farm, and with meat and 
poultry from the best markets. The parlors are spacious and 
elegantly furnished and the dining-room is airy and well 
lighted, while from the broad veranda the guests enjoy a pleas- 
ant outlook. 

The Amherst House is built on land given by the town to its 
first minister. Rev. David Parsons, and by him deeded to his 
son, Gideon Parsons, who kept an " ordinary " in a small one- 
story building with gambrel roof. In 1806 Elijah ]3oltwood 
kept the tavern which had then become a two-story structure, 
painted yellow. Before this oldtime hotel, from a stout post, a 
marvelous sign was suspended. A well stocked bar-room on 
the lower floor offered refreshment to the weary, and up stairs 
in the dancing hall the frivolous were enabled to enjoy their 
favorite recreation. 



To Amherst and Beyond 



31 




DRILL HALL- Agricultural College 

The Boltwood tavern was for years one of the best known 
inns in western Massachusetts, and many a traveler timed his 
journey that he might spend a night beneath its hospitable 
roof. Coaches rolled up with crack of whip before the ot^ce 
door, and distinguished guests inscribed their names upon the 
old register and while sitting around the roaring tire discussed 
and decided the fate of the nation. Those famous worthies all 
are gone, and could they visit their ancient haunts they would 
not recognize in the handsomely appointed modern hotel the 
old-time tavern of their recollection. 

The world moves on, and the fact is emphasized most 
strongly to the guest who, from the veranda of the Amherst 
House watches the trolley cars start out in four different direc- 
tions, and realizes that he has but to choose his car, to be 
landed in Sunderland, Pelham, Holyoke or Northampton. 



J 2 Through Ttirkey Pass 

The eye is pleased to wander across the velvet turf of the com- 
mon to Grace Episcopal church and to the fine red brick Town 
Hall, the pride of Amherst. This building contains offices and 
public library and court room below, while on the second 
floor an audience room will seat a thousand persons. It is dif- 
ficult to realize that over the common, now a miniature park, 
in olden time cows wandered at their will, with clanging bells, 
and that on the eastern border was a pond fringed with alders, 
from which flocks of geese with loud hisses repelled invasion. 
The worthy fathers and mothers plodded slowly past pasture 
and goose-pond down a street as crooked as the rail fence 
which skirted its eastern border and in rainy seasons muddy to 
an untold depth. Sometimes finding it impossible to pick their 
way, they climbed painfully along the fence, thankful that their 
clothes were of stout homespun and their leather shoes imper- 
vious to water. A correspondent of the Express urged the 
citizens to get flagstones from Montague to make sidewalks 
between Sweetser and Cutler's store and the old First church 
on College Hill, and said : " If this project does not meet with 
favor, my next proposal will be to our merchants that they 
should lay in an assortment of stilts for the rainy season." 

From the hotel veranda the business blocks are plainly seen. 
Where in the olden time Luke Sweetser sold " Sarsnet and 
Levantine Silks," " Blue and Brown Camblets," and " Dark 
Flowing blue Tea-setts," is to-day the drug store of Henry 
Adams and Company. Women in need of " Balzorines " and 
" Green Booking " went to Field and Dickinson's. The 
" Pestalozzian Primer " was for sale in the bookstore of J. S. 
& C. Adams. Merrick M. Marsh sold " Palm Leaf Mat- 



34 Through Turkey Pass 

tresses " and Thomas Wales advertised that he was " deter- 
mined not to raise the price of shoes if he could possibly help 
it." Farmers were prosperous, and wonderful specimens of 
farm products were sent in to the editor of the Express. 
" Levi Dickinson, 2nd," of Hadley exhibited an egg measuring 
seven and five-eighths by six and one-fourth inches. John F. 
Nutting raised a radish weighing five and one-half pounds, and 
D. F. Cowles had a parsnip which measured three feet, nine 
and three-fourths inches in length. Jonathan Cowls picked in 
his orchard an apple weighing seventeen and one-half ounces, 
while Spencer Smith brought from Squth Amherst a tomato 
that weighed a pound and a half. Walter Fuller sent to the 
newspaper office specimens of his " Norwottuck ice cream," 
and bridal parties furnished the editor with a loaf of wedding- 
cake. These articles were eaten, and their good qualities 
noticed in the paper. Each year a cattle show was held upon 
the common and mammoth eggs and apples and radishes and 
parsnips were exhibited. On these occasions the farmers and 
professors and " Rev'd Clergy " sat down together in the hotel 
dining-room, and in after dinner speeches, congratulated each 
other upon their success in the practical application of the 
science of Agriculture. The famous Indian doctress, Mrs. 
Young, was ready in her office in the Amherst House to cure all 
diseases, "Chronic, Incipient, eruptive, Scorbutic, sympa- 
thetic, Symphatic, or Fpidemic " and could thus be consulted 
"in case the banqueters should indulge too freely in the pleas- 
ures of the table. 

These glimpses of local history prepare the visitor for a 
stroll on Amity street where, on the site of the present brick 



To Amherst and Beyond jj 

schoolhoLise, the Amherst Academy, the second classical insti- 
tution in western Massachusetts, was once located. Eugene 
and Roswell Field spent their boyhood in the house now owned 
by Hiram Heaton, on the corner of Amity street and Lincoln 
Avenue, and attended the private school kept by the Misses 
Rowland in the octagon house on North Prospect street. The 
old Strong house, built in 1744, is in plain view from the hotel. 
This ancient dwelling with gambrel roof and quaint interior is 
the oldest house in town, and stands substantially the same as 
it did one hundred and fifty years ago. The deep yard and 
magnificent trees before this venerable mansion attract atten- 
tion and the former shows the width of the old highways laid 
out when the town was in its infancy. The Mary Mattoon 
Chapter, U. A. R., has its headquarters in an annex to this 
house, and its rooms are filled with relics of the olden time 
gathered from all the country round. 

Other walks about the village are of exceeding interest, but 
the car for Sunderland is waiting and we must hasten on our 
way. We see as we continue our ride to the north, on either 
side of Pleasant street houses which have stood since the 
beginning of the century. The old West Cemetery on the 
right, where Revolutionary heroes and their descendants sleep, 
is worthy of a visit. On a commanding eminence in the midst 
of a grove of oaks and chestnuts we notice the group of build- 
ings where in 1827, the " Mount Pleasant Classical Institu- 
tion " was established. Henry Ward Beecher prepared for 
Amherst Collesre in this famous school. 



To Amherst and Beyond jy 

MassacKxisetts Agricviltviral College. 

Passing Unity church on the right and St. Bridget's church 
on the left, the car runs through the grounds of the Massachu- 
setts Agricultural College comprising an estate of four hundred 
acres. From the southern entrance may be seen the stone 
chapel and the colonial dining hall, around which are grouped 
dormitories, laboratories, green-houses, the model barn and 
stables, the museums and the dwelling houses of professors and 
their assistants. In the midst of the broad stretch of meadow 
the miniature lake reflects the sunlight by day and the many 
electric lights by night. For a background to the picture the 
Berkshire hills and distant Green mountains rise against the 
horizon. On the campus a football game may be in progress 
or the college battalion may be marching to military music. 
The gardens, the orchards, the bits of forest, the conservatories, 
the museums, the library, and the whole equipment and work- 
ing of this educational institution maintained by the Federal 
and State Governments at the cost of many thousands of dol- 
lars annually, are open to the inspection of visitors. Young 
men and women who are citizens of the United States receive 
here a most excellent education in the arts and sciences with- 
out charge for tuition. Degrees of Bachelor of Science, Mas- 
ter of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy are conferred. Stu- 
dents from Japan, Mexico, Brazil, and other foreign countries 
have availed themselves of the privileges of the college. Its 
president, Henry H. Goodell, M. A., LL. D., has been con- 
nected with the institution as instructor, professor, or chief 
executive officer from its establishment in 1867. Although the 



JS 



Throiio/i Turkey Pass 




BUT^rONWOOl) 'IKEE— Sunderland Street 



To AmJierst and Beyond jg 

college is closed in summer the closely related work of the 
Hatch Experiment station in its many departments is carried 
on continuously throughout the year. 

NortK AmHerst and Svniderland. 

Beyond the college grounds we see at the right, on the 
northern slope of Mount Pleasant and commanding a fine view 
of the Connecticut and Deertield valleys, the old Dickinson 
estate, " Mark's Meadow." The house was built many years 
ago on land that had been owned by the family for generations. 
Here lived and died Captain Marquis F. Dickinson, a direct 
descendant of Nathaniel Dickinson, the founder of Had ley. 
His wife was the hrst real Daughter of Mary Mattoon Chapter, 
Daughters of the American Revolution. The present owner. 
Marquis F. Dickinson of Boston, while preserving its antique 
features, has put the home of his ancestors in thorough repair 
and with his family occupies it as a summer residence. From 
the college grounds the village of North Amherst, with its 
white meeting-house, seems to be nestled at the foot of Mount 
Toby, but as we approach the mountains recede, and charming- 
views of country homes and fertile fields open in all directions. 
The method by which this North Amherst meeting-house was 
built, told in the Story of a A^ew England Country Clinrch^ is 
unique in New England^Jiistory. The people are prosperous and 
many of them are descended from the first settlers of this section 
of the town. Just beyond the village v.'here the road turns 
sharply to the left is the home of W'alter D. Cowls, President of 
the Amherst and Sunderland Street Railway Company, This 



^o Through Turkey Pass 

estate was the property of his father and grandfather, and here 
they lived and died. The extension of the road to Sunderland, 
to South Hadley and to West Pelham is due to the enterprise 
of President Cowls, ably seconded by the officers and directors. 

Proceeding northward past the power-house of the railroad 
company we follow a level highway shaded by long rows of 
sugar maples and bordered by well kept farm-houses. In an 
upper room of the old Hubbard tavern, a frame dwelling on the 
left at the first crossing above North Amherst, Pacific Lodge 
of Masons held its meetings more than a hundred years ago. 
It was just north of the " Dry Brook " that Major Caleb Hub- 
bard was plowing with a yoke of oxen and one horse when the 
news came of the fighting at Lexington. The oldtime patriot 
left the oxen standing and the plow fast in the furrow, jumped 
on the horse's back and galloped to the village to enlist in the 
first company leaving for Boston. Presently the road turns to 
the left and we catch glimpses of the southern mountains. 
Another turn and we are at our journey's end, with a beautiful 
shaded avenue stretching before us to the north, and to the 
west, the precipitous sandstone cliffs of Sugar Loaf. 

Sunderland, formerly known as Swampfield, is a typical New 
England town of the olden time, built on one broad street lying 
along the river bank. Here Mount Toby and Sugar Loaf and 
the river between them provide a natural park with possibili- 
ties of enjoyment only limited by the disposition of the traveler. 
The Connecticut at this point is a smooth lakelike sheet of 
water, flowing quietly between its rocky mountain peaks. 
Delightful strolls may be taken in either direction along its 
shore. If we choose to cross the bridge and walk a short dis- 



■mmMmfmmmm 



^2 Through Turkey Pass 

tance beyond, we find cars in waiting for South Deerfield 
which connect with trolley roads in several directions. The 
Mount Toby House at the end of the Amherst and Sunderland 
line is an excellent country hotel, and is noted for its trout 
suppers. Many picnic parties take refreshment here and then 
explore the town, noting the new public library and the 
immense buttonwood tree in front of the home of Dr. M. H. 
Williams. Among the interesting houses on Sunderland street 
is the " Old Parsonage," owned in 1784 by Lemuel Delano, 
whose ancestor, Philip Delanoye, a French Huguenot, came to 
America in the bark Fortune, and finally settled in Duxbury. 
One of his sons married a daughter of Miles Standish and 
another a daughter of John and Priscilla Alden. This house is 
to-day the home of its owner, Jesse L. Delano, a direct 
descendant of Philip Delanoye. The history of the town 
shows the early settlers in Sunderland to have been intensely 
patriotic. At one time during the Revolution John Montague 
was the only able-bodied male citizen at home, and he had 
remained to weave cloth for the women and 'girls to make into 
clothing for the soldiers. Sunderland women of the olden time 
were capable and energetic, and were mistresses of many arts 
and crafts. One village poetess, Miss Nancy Hubbard, signed 
her name "Viola," and wrote verses entitled, " My Country," 
"The Moon of Falling Leaves" and many others which were 
printed in the Hajupshire ami Franklin Express. We can 
imagine this pensive damsel sitting on a rock apart from the 
crowd of merry-makers on the mountain-top, and scribbling : 



To Amherst and Beyond ^j: 

".MUSINGS ON NORWOTTUCK.'' 

" I feel the presence of that mighty power 
Who spake, and at his word the mountains rose, 
Called from the earth the sweetly springing flower, 
And formed these hills and vales of calm repose. 
Nature's broad carpet spreading at my feet, 
Where towns and villages in beauty rise : 
With distant water, many a silver sheet, 
And glistening spires, up-pointing to the skies." 

In early days Sunderland was a "sea-port town." Heavy 
freight from Hartford was landed at the foot of Bridge street 
and lumber from the east and northeast was shipped upon the 
river. But the Connecticut was not a satisfactory means of 
communication and the citizens greatly desired a railroad. 
Plans were made by which the " Sugar Loaf Mountain Road " 
should be built from Montague to Hockanum passing through 
Sunderland and thence by Plum Trees through Amherst a half 
mile west of the Amherst House, But in spite of their anxiety 
and determination, the people waited more than fifty years 
before their idea of railroad communication with neighboring 
towns became an established fact. To-day this lovely rural 
village is an objective point of travel from distant sections, and 
opportunity to climb the neighboring mountains is placed 
within the reach of all. 

East AmKerst and W^est PelKam. 

The main line of the Amherst and Sunderland railway ter- 
minates at Simderland but the road has still another excursion 
to offer to its patrons. Half an hour after leaving the Mount 
Toby House we may again be in xAmherst and ready to board 



44 



T/irongh Tttrkey Pass 




FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH-Rev. W. E. Strons, Minister 



a car for East Amherst and West Pelham. The old American 
House, formerly the Hygeian Hotel, is on the left hand side as 
the car passes down Main street. Just beyond, at the end of 
Phoenix Row, a house long since burned was for ten years the 
.home of Noah Webster. He was a public spirited citizen and, 
though busily engaged in the preparation of his dictionary, 



To Amherst and Beyond ^jr 

took an active interest in the welfare of the town, was vice- 
president of the college corporation, and made an address at 
the laying of the corner stone of the first college building 
erected. This distinguished scholar was also a practical 
farmer, and delighted in gathering in his hay, assisted by his 
daughters, who raked after the cart. 

As we proceed along Main street, the beautiful stone edifice 
of the First Congregational church is seen upon the right. 
This building is the fourth meeting-house of the organization 
which was formed in 1739, when the settlement was known as 
" Hadley Third Precinct." Before the town received its name 
the old First church, in obedience to the decree of the General 
Court, had settled a " Learned orthodox minister," the Rev. 
David Parsons, and had provided for his " handsome and hon- 
orable Support." In the first rude meeting-house built on the 
hill where the College Observatory now stands, the whole town 
gathered to worship for almost fifty years. In 1787 a more 
commodious building was erected near the same location, but 
with the growth of Amherst College, this became too small for 
townspeople and students. The third meeting-house was com- 
pleted in time for the Commencement exercises in 1829. As 
College Hall we see this building to-day, square and orthodox 
in its appearance, a substantial monument to the thorough 
workmanship of its founders and builders. 

The old First church was the parent of the town, and the 
mother of the four other Congregational churches within its 
limits. The handsome modern edifice built on land purchased 
from the Montague estate, was dedicated in 1868. In 1889 its 
one hundred and fiftieth anniversary was celebrated. 



To Amherst and Bcvond 



47 



Nearly opposite the First church, and partially hidden by 
trees behind an evergreen hedge, is the estate of William A. 
Dickinson, the former treasurer of Amherst College. This is 
now the home of his widow and of his daughter, Martha Gilbert 
Dickinson, author of "Within the Hedge," a collection of 
poems. The next house, the first brick house in town, was 
built by Samuel F. Dickinson and was the birthplace and life- 
long home of his granddaughter, Emily Dickinson. Here she 
wrote the well-known poems which were published after her 
death. 

As the car crosses the tracks of the Central Vermont rail- 
road the principal manufacturing establishments of Amherst 
maybe seen. On the right are located the extensive hat fac- 
tories of the Hills Company and of George B. Burnett and Son. 
Growing from a small shop established in 1829 by Leonard M. 
Hills, the hat business has been developed by his son and 
grandson until to-day thousands of dollars are invested in the 
plant and hundreds of hands are employed in the production of 
straw hats for the supply of extensive markets. Adjoining the 
factory of the Hills Company are the Gas Works and some dis- 
tance to the north of Main street is the electric light station of 
the Amherst Gas Company. Beyond the Hills Company's fac- 
tory to the east is the box shop of Angus and Seitz, This 
firm produces many packing boxes and hundreds of tool-chests 
every year. On the opposite side of College street the Arms 
Pocket Book and Leather Novelty Company carries on a new 
industry recently established. 

At East Amherst opposite the second Congregational church, 
was the early home of Professor Herbert B. Adams of Johns 



Thro2ioJi Turkey Pass 




DAM OF THE MONTAGUE CITY ROD COMPANY 

From History of Pclham 



Hopkins University. Near by, the old house with double doors 
was the home of Noah Dickinson whose daughter Mary married 
General Ebenezer Mattoon, the most famous soldier that 



To Amherst and Beyond ^g 

Amherst ever produced. Across the green may be seen the 
square white house in which Hved Mai-y Mattoofi and her Nero 
of the Revolution. The Mary Mattoon Chapter, D. A. R. of 
Amherst is named in honor of this woman, who was a true New 
England heroine of the olden time. The old Baggs tavern 
near by, where prisoners of Burgoyne's army were entertained 
and where the conspirators in Shays' Rebellion gathered about 
the bar-room fire to perfect their plans is worthy of our notice. 
Shays and his remnant of an army fled along the road over 
which we have traveled, back to their homes among the Pelham 
hills. This part of the trolley line is closely connected with 
that notorious leader and those who followed his standard. 
The rebellion was planned in the old Conkey tavern in Pelham 
and the army was drilled before the tavern door. This tavern 
was long since destroyed, but the descendants of those whom 
Daniel Shays led to defeat live all about these hills and tales of 
those exciting times are often on their lips. 

From East Amherst to West Pelham is new territory for the 
trolley road for this is the most recently completed extension 
of the line. The terminus leads us into a wild and beautiful 
region, under the shadow of Mount Pisgah. Here is the Mon- 
tague City Fish-rod Factory, where fish-rods in three hundred 
different styles and patterns are made from bamboo and 
lancewood and shipped all over the world. This industry in 
prosperous times gives employment to forty workmen. The 
manager, Eugene P. Bartlett, is one of the selectmen of Pelham 
and is well known and popular in Amherst. 

The Orient grounds, not far away, occupy a sandy plateau 
which overlooks Amherst and commands a fine view of the 



50 Throtigh Ttirkey Pass 

Holyoke and Mount Tom ranges and toward the north the 
Hampshire hills. Here in a deep ravine are the Orient 
Springs whose waters have been found to contain iron, sulphur, 
and magnesia. This mineral water is noted for its medicinal 
qualities and when bottled, commands a ready sale. The 
Orient Springs hotel built on this fine location, was burned 
many years ago, but with the coming of the trolley, the place 
has become accessible, and offers a beautiful situation for a 
summer boarding-house. Near by is Mountain View Range, 
owned by the Amherst Gun Club. A little to the south on the 
brow of the hill the Flavel Gay lord place, commanding a 
charming prospect, has been recently sold for the site of a 
rustic cottage. The summit of Mount Lincoln, twelve hundred 
feet high, is not far distant and is reached by a good road. 
When Henry Ward Beecher was a student in Amherst College 
he loved nature better than books and almost every day might 
have been found among the trees about Pelham and Mount 
Lincoln. It is said that he had a familiar acquaintance with 
these old Pelham trees and had given names to many of them. 
This is a region picturesque and romantic. To the north 
lies Lake Wyola, a beautiful sheet of water with wooded shores 
frequented by fishermen and hunters. The drive through the 
"Gulf" by Scarboro's trout-pond and stream to Pansy Park 
and the Pelchertown ponds and thence home through South 
Amherst offers streamlets and lakes, mountains, forests and 
gardens in charming variety. Suitable sites for summer 
cottages are found all along the Pelham hills and residents in 
neighboring cities are by means of the trolley discovering the 
beauties lying at their very doors. 




? it si' 




/^PR 20 W08 



5^ Through Turkey Pass 

Returning to the Amherst House, our trolley trip over the 
Amherst and Sunderland railroad " Through Turkey Pass to 
Amherst and Beyond " is ended for to-day, but in that word 
"beyond " are boundless possibilities. Our ancestors dreamed 
of a chain of canals by means of which they might travel from 
the Connecticut River to Lake Memphremagog. But instead 
of being slowly drawn by horses along a narrow channel, we 
who are descendants of those ancient dreamers fly up and 
down hill like magic on cars driven by some beneficent unseen 
power, which takes us where we will. No secluded hamlet can 
repel the invasion of the trolley, and blessings follow on its 
path. Amherst and Sunderland, Pelham and South Hadley 
are now near neighbors and visit each other on business or 
pleasure. Science and enterprise have produced these won- 
ders and the end is not yet. 



"^f^^i^ 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

HII 

014 014 463 



